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The Hani Nationality Name: Hani, Haoni, Aini, Akha Population: 2,500,000 Localization:
In China, Yunnan Province, Honghe and Xishuangbanna prefectures.
Also in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. |
The Hani/Akha are a group of culturally and linguistic related peoples that inhabit the southern part of Yunnan province and neighboring countries. Divided in many ethnic branches with some important differences, the most known of them is the known as Akha out of China (Aini in China).
Introductory
Articles in Ethnic China
Introducing the
Hani nationality: They inhabit mountain areas with
warm climate and abundant rains.
Hani's ancient
society: Hani Apeicongpopo is a poem of that relates
their migrations from the land of their ancestors, until their current
territory in the south of Yunnan.
Hani nationality
Main Gods: They worship their ancestors and the forces
of nature. They think that every natural object of the nature has its
spirit.
Hani nationality
Daily Life: Their terraced fields follow the contour
of the mountains in one of the most impressive landscapes created by human
work.
Sexual life
and marriage of the Hani nationality: In the past young
Hani young enjoyed sexual freedom before marriage. They met usually in
musical gatherings.
Main festivals
of the Hani: The Hani have many spiritual ceremonies
to be carried out along the year.
Amatu festival
of the Hani: The Amatu Festival is one of the most
important for the Hani. It is a kind of homage to the village's goddess.
The
religion of the Hani Yeche: They believe that people
are eminently spiritual beings that have twelve souls. After death the
soul of people becomes a spirit.
Scholars Researches available in the Web
Bai Bibo.- Hani Language Preservation and Maintenance — Hani Language and Literacy
Through the Hani literacy project, we have obtained some exciting achievements:
Firstly, some Hanis have changed their attitude toward their own language
and culture. They have witnessed some practical activities and cultural
events they organized for themselves, in which they have realized their
own nationality responsibilities and prides.
Leo A. von Geusau.- Akha/Yunnanese Chinese symbiosis and strategic identity in the Southeast Asian mountainous border areas.
Historical relations between the Hani/Akha, and the Chinese in Yunnan, are complex. Both the Hani, and the closely related Zanyi or Akha people, consider themselves as having been marginalized into the mountainous parts of the Southern Yunnanese border areas by Tai warrior types of people.
Leo
A. von Geusau.- General
Introduction: The Akha/Zaqnyiq Archaic Oerzar text on The Life-Cycle of
People, Animals and Plants.
In this volume the reader will find a transcription of the orally transmitted archaic Akha/Zaqnyiq text, called oerzar, literally meaning “old words of wisdom”. The text deals with the life cycle of people, animals and plants.
Matthew McDaniel.- Human, cultural and community property rights : A basis for social justice. The Akha and how they are affected in Thailand
This
paper describes the pressures on the Akha ethnic minority in Thailand,
proposing that lack of political and community property rights is detrimental
to their well-being and the environment, which their culture has adapted
to over the centuries.
Higashide Noriko.- Activity to Record and Pass On the Oral Traditions of the Akha and Hani Peoples.
The
illiterate Akha and Hani peoples have preserved their identities through
worship of their ancestors and strict common laws. Their ceremonies and
festivals offer glimpses of their practices and Taoist philosophy toward
well-balanced coexistence between people and nature and of their ancestor
worship.
Janet C. Sturgeon.- Forest Creators, Forest Destroyers: Akha Land Use in Xishuangbanna
This paper focuses on Akha strategies for land use and livelihood in this upland, forested region. Akha engage in a mix of activities to bring in sufficient food and income, and to cover their bets should one activity not pan out.
Janet
C. Sturgeon.- Post-socialist
Property Rights for Akha in China: What is at Stake?
This article describes resource access conflicts in south-western China
as a socialist regime was legislated away in favour of a socialist market
economy.. The discussion is framed around two contradictions and one inconsistency.
Janet
C. Sturgeon.- Quality
Control and the Loss of the Commons.
This
paper examines the local village elections held in 2000 in Mengsong, a
Hani (Akha)
administrative village in China. The elections are a focal point for exploring
the converging effects of a number of current national policies and representations
of people and the environment.
Books
and references
Basic
Bibliography of the Hani
Paul W. Lewis.- Akha Oral Literature. White Lotus. Bangkok. 2002
Stories and Legends, occupying half of the book, is the most interesting. It provides fine examples of a tradition of story telling closely related to that of other peoples linguistically related.
Chinese Bibliography of the Hani nationality
Free books about the Hani
Paul W. Lewis.- Ethnographic notes on the Akhas of Burma. 1969
To Akhas, religion involves about everything that has to do with ancestors, rice and spirits. they use the term for ancestors (a poe a pi) and ‘God’ ( a poe mi yeh) almost synonymously. When carefully questioned they will differentiate, but in practice there is a thin, if not at times almost invisible line dividing them.
Free Thesis and dissertations about the Hani
Michael J. Clarke.- Feasting among the Akha of Northern Thailand: An Ethnoarchaeological case study. Simon Fraser University. 1998
My research is on the feasting of the Akha of Thailand, in the villages of Mae Salep and Sam Soong. My methodology consisted of participant observation and household interview
Deena Rubuliak.- Seeing the people through the trees: Community based ecotourism in Northern Thailand. Simon Fraser University. 2000
In contrast to popular conventional trekking tours that dominate the Northern Thai tourist industry, this thesis explores community based ecotourism, one of the alternative strategies currently being used among highlang minority groups.
Photo Exhibitions
Ethnic
China photo exhibitions 
Hard
working women of the Aini:
the Aini or Akha live in the mountains of the tropical
region of Xishuangbanna. As in many agricultural societies the women perform
most of the works
Photo
exhibitions about the Akha/Hani: Some of the best photo
exhibitions in Chinese webpages.
Music
Hani
nationality music
Films and Video
Documentary
Films about the Hani/Akha nationality: Some films produced
in the last years that try to show Akha society and the challenges it
will face in the future.
Available
dvds and vcds about the Hani nationality
Image of the the Hani nationality in the cinema
Art and Handicrafts
The
Hani nationality in the art
Art Exhibitions
Travel
Travel
to Hani nationality lands
Wiki Ethnic China
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