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| The Gai branch of the Li | ||||||||
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The Gai
language or Gai dialect, of the Li of Hainan, it is spoken by 24% of the
Li peoples. Inside it there are three local variations according to the
Chinese authors that could be considered different dialects in other countries.
Those dialects are mutually intelligible, but the cultural differences
among those that speak each one of the dialects are quite remarkable.
A diversity due more to the different historical influences received than
to have had different origins. The people that speak these three Gai's local variants, all call themselves Gei. Therefore, according to the customs and linguistic variations, the Gai branch of the Li, can be divided in three sub branches: 1. Tongzha
sub branch. They inhabit fundamentally in Baoting and Tongzha Counties,
as well as the area west of this counties. They call themselves "fenta"
or "tshontshan". Formerly
the men made braids and they coiled their hair in a red or black cloth.
In the superior part of the body they dressed a Chinese shirt without
buttons. The women tattooed their face with two lines, simpler than the
Ha, they used to wrap up the hair in stamped cloth. They got dressed with
a blouse of Chinese style without buttons, with red embroideries and flowers
in the back, a white cloth hanging before and a collar of white pearls.
They used to wear a short skirt, until the knee, with embroideries of
animals and plants in red. They live in boat shaped houses made of vegetable fibers. Due to the influence of their Chinese neighbors, most of their customs and festivals have disappeared. 2. Zhidui sub branch. They live to the south and the east of Qiongzhong, in Zhidui County. They are almost completely acculturated. Nowadays most of them dress as Chinese, and speak Chinese local dialects. Young people can no longer understand their own language. The women do not tattoo any more, and dress as the local Chinese. 3. Baocheng
sub branch: They live to the west of Baoting, in the area of Chengxiang.
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